Radio Tirana is back on shortwave

Weeks after abruptly suspending its foreign broadcasts, Radio Tirana has returned to the international shortwave bands. The station from the capital of Albania was heard Friday Jan. 27 on 7,110 at 2230 UTC in English for North America and Europe. Reception here in Spain was SIO444.

No official reason has been given why Radio Tirana was off the air, but Andy Sennet at Media Network blog wondered if Albania’s frequent power shortages had something to do with the suspension of broadcasts. During its off-air period, the station could still be heard via Internet Podcast. In any case, it’s good news that Radio Tirana is back transmitting fascinating Albanian music as well news about the emerging Balkan states. By the way, Radio Tirana has a tongue-and-cheek fan club.

While stations in the some former Soviet republics, such as Radio Tashkent, are resorting to Podcasting instead of shortwave for economic reasons, Radio Bulgaria wants DXers to contact them.
Listeners can now download a reception report form from the Bulgarian radio station at its website.
Filling out a form is a lot quicker than writing a full letter and coming up with your own reporting format. During the Cold War years, the station, when it was called Radio Sofia, was a favorite for many DXers offering prizes for contests, booklets, calendars and stickers (like the one above). It also sent out dozens of reception report forms to listeners who wanted to compete for a series of QSL cards and obtain a gold listeners’ certificate. Radio Bulgaria is one of the few European stations that still have a DX program. Those who cannot tune in every weekend can still read a transcript from the Radio Bulgaria webpage.

VOA announced that it will carry President Bush’s State of the Union Address live at 0200 UTC Feb. 2 on all its frequencies in use to Africa and Asia at that time, plus an additional frequency of 7,285 kHz to the Middle East. The president’s address will also be carried live at VOA.

Stations heard daily with good reception under usual noisy Madrid circumstances and monitored with a Realistic DX-440 and Sony ANLP-1 antenna:

·Radio Jordan, 11,690 kHz 1525 UTC Jan. 28 Music dedication program with popular contemporary Arabic and American music, including “Love was made for Me and You” by Al Jarreau and “My Everything” by Barry White hosted by female followed by news at 1600 UTC. Parallel broadcast of domestic 96.3 FM in Amman SIO434

·Voice of Croatia, (transmitter in Germany), 7,285 kHz *2315-2330* UTC Jan. 27 Fast paced newscast (much like in the U.S.) with reports about Croatia and the Balkans followed by sports and weather. A Spanish broadcast followed at 2330UTC. SIO544

·Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 7,320 kHz *1930 UTC Jan. 26 Readings from the Qur´an followed by news and commentary with suggestions that Iran would use short range missiles to defend the country from U.S. backed rebels in the southern provinces. SIO444

El País to enter U.S. radio market

El País, Spain´s leading daily, announced that its parent company Grupo PRISA has acquired the rights to programming on XETRA-AM, which broadcasts in Spanish to listeners in southern California. The Federal Communications Commission has approved Grupo PRISA´s petition to take over the station´s programming, which had been under control since 1980 by Clear Channel Communications through its affiliate Citicasters.

Grupo PRISA paid $28 million or €22.8 million for the programming rights, according to El País and XETRA´s website. "This operation represents for Grupo PRISA, publisher of El País, a major step in its proposal to develop a radio network with a presence in the U.S. hispanic market," the newspaper reported Friday.

XETRA, which broadcasts on 690 kHz, is located in Rosarito, Baja California, Mexico but serves Spanish-speaking listeners in San Diego, Calif. Last year, the FCC determined that broadcast stations that operated in Mexico´s border front and transmitted programming to the United States are to be considered part of the U.S. market. Under the rules, no U.S. company or its affiliate can control more than eight stations in the same market and no more than five broadcasting on either the AM or FM band. At the beginning of 2005, Clear Channel controlled eight stations in the United States and five in Mexico that were serving the San Diego/Tijuana market.

Reporter in hot water for calling Spain´s military mothers ´prostitutes´

Spanish Defense Minister José Bono asked for the prosecution of a journalist for allegedly suggesting that mothers of enlisted service men practice prostitution. Bono told members of the Army Ground Forces Superior Council during a private meeting that "as a citizen and defense minister" he filed the complaint with an investigative judge against reporter Iu Forn for penning the alleged calumnious column in the Catalonia daily Avui.

In an answer to a military officer´s threat that the Army may have to intervene if Catalonia is given greater autonomy, Forn wrote a Jan. 12 column entitled "A guide for a good coup plotter" in which he dished out tips for would-be rebels who want to invade the region.

"Remember that the civil ordinance in Barcelona on its face prohibits the practice of prostitution. Therefore, it´s better that you [the military] come without your mothers," Forn wrote.

Although Forn later apologize for the remarks, Bono said it wasn´t enough. The defense minister explained that the columnist may have violated the Spanish Penal Code which protects the military from "injurious attacks." If convicted, Forn could face between one year and 18 months in prison.

UPDATE JAN 28 -- The Spanish judge investigating Bono´s charges dismissed the complaint ruling that the column was "irony" and "satirical," and wasn´t meant to insult the military as an institution because it was address to those who want to break the law in the first place.

Report: Spanish troops were not authorized to use force in Iraq

Spanish troops dispatched to Iraq from August 2003 to May 2004 were ordered to "avoid or minimize collateral damage" and required to obtain authorization from the Defense Ministry to use letal force, documents obtained by El País reflect. The contextual nature of an internal memorandum published Tuesday by the newspaper shows that the previous conservative government of José María Aznar limited Spain´s role in Iraq and didn´t give full cooperation to the coalition led by the United States and Great Britain as he otherwise portrayed.

Aznar´s party the Partido Popular continually criticizes the current Socialist government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero for withdrawing the troops, which was one of the prime minister´s 2004 campaign promises. The pull out also strained relations between Bush and Zapatero.

In his recently published memoir, former U.S. Administrator in Iraq Paul Bremer criticized Spain for what he considered the country´s "passive" approach in the war against Iraqi insurgents. "It's unworthy. They're sitting on their tanks....without doing anything. This is what I call the 'Coalition of the Absolutely Unwilling,'" Bremer wrote.

The published memo supports Bremer´s observation but explains what the rules the Spanish troops had to follow. It stated that "the use of force, when authorized, will always be governed by the principle of the minimum... including that of lethal force..."

Television Española´s (TVE) distorted, misleading portrayal of Puerto Rico in documentary

With much interest, I tuned to Television Española´s documentary on Puerto Rico which was broadcast here Friday night on TVE Channel 2 network. While I was impressed with the video footage and the quality of the interviews, I was really disappointed how TVE tried tried to portray Puerto Rico and its relationship with the United States.

Entitled "Puerto Rico and the United States -- A marriage of convenience," it contained interviews with educators, students, historians and political leaders from the three political factions in the island -- the statehood, commonwealth and independence parties. The reporter began by detailing how Puerto Ricans during the 1950s and 1960s embarked on a mass migration to New York concentrating in the Bronx. However, the reporter blamed the tidal wave of migrants on U.S. big business that came to the island to repatriate capital and offer few jobs. The fact is that Operation Bootstrap in the 1950s created thousands of jobs that were not available in this once agriculturally dependent island. It was indeed a soaring high cost of living and outside competition from manufacturers in foreign countries that led to some industry closures, which resulted in unemployment.

She theorized that the U.S. government for decades overlooked Puerto Rico since it won possession of the island in the Spanish American War in 1898. But she failed to make note that Spain overlooked her colony, as well as Cuba, during the 19th century, which led to the war in the first place.

Trying to prove that banking industry was dominated by U.S. financial institutions, the documentary showed footage of the main branches of Banco Popular de Puerto Rico and Western Bank -- both locally owned and operated! She didn´t mention how Banco Santander de Puerto Rico and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argenta (BBVA), the two most powerful financial institutions in Spain, have moved in and gained a strong foothold in the market.

Finally, after claiming that the United States has been unfair to Puerto Ricans by not giving them the right to vote in presidential elections but sending soldiers to fight in Iraq, the reporter concluded at the end that Puerto Ricans obviously don´t have any complaints about their "marriage of convenience" because they voted to keep the status quo in three referendums that took place in the 1990s.

As reporters, we usually embark on a journalistic endeavor with our minds made up, believing we are going to uncover what we suspected. But often times we are proven wrong in the middle of our inquiry. The difference between a good and mediocre reporter is measured on one side by those who show all sides of a controversy and on the other by those who insist on compling just enough information to support a predetermined hypothesis.

More military grumblings

A second Spanish military officer is under arrest after he published an open letter in a Melilla newspaper explaining his dissatisfaction with the current Socialist government of José Luis Zapatero Rodríguez. This latest event gives credence to what many observers believe is growing discontentment among the armed forces.

Last week, the commander of the Spanish ground forces Lt. Gen. José Mena Aguado was fired following his arrest for giving a Jan. 6 speech in which he
warned that the military might have to step in if the Catalonia region is given more autonomy that could lead to the break-up of the nation. Mena´s comments produced a wave of concern among business leaders and right-wing politicians who blame Zapatero for antagonizing the armed forces with his drive to give greater autonomy to the Catalonia, Basque and Valencia regions.

In this latest episode, Capt. Roberto González Calderón of the Spanish Legion accused politicians in his letter of "sacrificing their duties to the nation and fatherland to fatten their longings for power." He said that he and other legionaires wanted to deliver the letter personally to Zapatero but opted to publish it in a newspaper in the Spanish North African enclave of Melilla where they serve.

The government ordered both officers arrested because Spanish law prohibits military personnel from issuing public comments.

Zapatero has downplayed notions that some military factions are on the verge of rebellion, and said his advisors have assured him that armed forces are not uneased over the autonomy issues. But González disputed that in his letter.

"Well, Mr Prime Minister, your advisers have not told you the truth," he said. "There is a lot of unease, within and outside the armed forces, which see how Spain is being dismembered, how the national flag is burned in public, how terrorists are allowed to hold demonstrations and social events, and how a generation of Spaniards no longer recognize Spain as their fatherland."

On Wednesday, Defense Minister José Bono reminded the armed forces that they owed loyality to the elected governments and not to the "Spain of the Catholic Monarchs" who in the 16th Century unified the country.

U.S. Embassy complains of threat; Zapatero´s email hijacked

·The U.S. Embassy in Madrid filed a complaint with Spanish judicial authorities after White House officials reportedly received an electronic mail from someone in Spain threatening to kill President Bush, the daily El País reported Thursday. The email from someone who identified himself as "Ignacio P.S., español" charged that Bush was "responsible for thousands of deaths in Iraq." It also contained a series of insults lodged at the American president, the Spanish newspaper said.

·The Spanish government for its part has had to assure dozens of embassies and news organizations that Prime Minister José Luis Zapatero Rodríguez did not pen a controversial open letter in an email entitled "Spaniards, how sickening, what shame." La Moncloa Palace said that someone began sending the bogus email on Monday supposedly written by Zapatero in which he hurls insults and claims that Spaniards "have been a plague for all of Latin America." Zapatero´s chief of staff has apologized to the embassies and news organizations for the hoax, and said an investigation is underway.

Cope radio faces more problems

A Spanish judge has ordered an investigation to see whether the Cope radio network caused "serious injury" to the president of the regional Catalan government during a program that satirically alluded to his drinking habits. Pasqual Maragall, (left) the president, filed the complaint against the moderators of La Linterna or "the flashlight," which is broadcast over the national network. Maragall said that he was offended during the July 4 broadcast when a humorist identified only as Fray Josefo read an essay that portrayed him as a hearty imbiber.

"History has put me here,"Fray Josefo read on the air. "My sensitivity sometimes escapes me and that is the consequence of gin... Sporadically, my ego leaps without bounds when there is a lot of whiskey from Malta."

While the judge has ruled that the broadcast did not violate the country´s libel statutes because Maragall is a public figure, it could have caused him "serious injury" as defined under Spain´s Penal Code.

Cope, which is owned by the Spanish Bishops´ Conference, has all ready been in hot water with the Spanish government after a humorist in another program telephoned Bolivia´s president-elect Evo Morales last December pretending to be Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. Cope had to apologize for the incident that caused a brief diplomatic row between Spain, the Vatican and Bolivia.

Women leaders in Latin America

With the election victory of 54-year-old Michelle Bachelet as Chile´s first female president, this is a good time for a summary of the women who have served as heads of government in Latin America.

·Violeta Barríos de Chamorro (1990-96) actually became the first popular elected woman president of a Latin American nation when she assumed office in Nicaragua after defeating the Sandinistas, who ruled the country for 10 years. The 1978 slaying of her husband, La Prensa publisher Pedro Chamorro, was the turning point in the overthrow of dictator Anastasio Somoza the following year. Mrs. Chamorro served on the Sandinista junta but distanced herself when the new government became chummy with Fidel Castro.

·Isabel Martínez de Perón (1974-76) of Argentina became the first woman president in Latin America when her husband Juan Perón died. "Isabelita," as she was known, had served as his vice president and the transfer of power was swift after the old caudillo´s funeral. With spiraling inflation and internal strife caused by urban terrorist groups, the military seized power in a coup and Mrs. Perón was placed under arrest. She was later allowed to leave the country for Spain in 1980, and didn´t return to Argentina until democratic rule was once again established.

·Lidia Gueiler Tejada (1979-1980) served briefly as interim president of Bolivia following a coup in that country. Congress selected her to lead a transitional government until free elections could be held. The vote never occurred and Mrs. Gueiler was overthrown in another coup. She lived in Chile and in France before returning to Bolivia in the 1980s. She served as her country´s ambassador to Venezuela. Last year, the 84-year-old Gueiler came out in favor of president-elect Evo Morales.

·Mireya Moscoso (1999-2004), the widow of former President Arnulfo Arías, was swept into office in Panama with massive popular support. However, the administration of this former interior designer was continuously rocked by scandal after scandal. She blamed Fidel Castro for causing the strife because she had pardoned several Cuban exiles who were charged with plotting to kill the Cuban leader. When she left office, her popularity was at its lowest ever for a Panamanian president. She now lives in Miami.

·Sila María Calderón (2001-2004) became Puerto Rico´s first female governor after a landslide victory over the pro-statehood party candidate in this U.S. commonwealth. The daughter of a hotel-owner and influential businessman, Calderón campaigned on cleaning up corruption, which ran rampant in the previous government. She shocked her closest advisors and supporters when she announced in an emotional televised address in 2003 that she would not seek a second term.

Shortwave far from dead in South America

Everywhere you turn, you hear gripes from shortwave listeners that the international bands are dying as broadcasters undergo cutbacks and look at innovative technology -- digital and satellite radio and the Internet -- to get their programs to listeners. A few weeks back, I found an interesting survey posted on a DX page hosted by Brett Sayler of Pennsylvania that counters those arguments.

This veteran DXer compared the number of stations in South America that were broadcasting 48 years ago and those on the air today. In an informal survey, Brett took a random sampling of the stations by referring to World Radio Television Handbooks for the years 1957, 1971, 1977, 1992, 1999, 2003 and 2005. He found that in 1957 there were 394 stations broadcasting from the 14 countries that make up South America, including the Falkland Islands. In 2005, Brett reports that there with 376 stations listed. Brazil, which has kept the lead over the years, had 109 stations on the air on shortwave in 1957. In 2005, there were 151 stations broadcasting from the Portuguese-speaking nation. The peak year for shortwave from South America was 1977 when 592 stations were on the international bands. Oh, by the way, Brett didn´t count HCJB in Ecuador and Radio France Internationale´s transmitters in French Guiana.

"In conclusion, to those who are ready to pronouce shortwave radio dead, there are still many good opportunities to hear exotic stations in far-off locations. But, you should get them now while you can. Who knows what the next 50 years will bring?" he says.

I firmly believe, as I posted previously, that those who complain about the so-called demise of the shortwave bands are listeners who only tune to English-language programming. You cannot measure the universe by only looking through a telescope!

Check out Brett´s page for some more interesting stuff, including some rare photos of a 1970s all night DX session organized to search for the reclusive Falkland Islands Broadcasting Service with now-veteran DXers Don Moore and Dave Valko.

US says No to Spain´s Aircraft Deal

In a move that could further sour relations between the Bush administration and Socialist government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, the U.S. government has blocked Spain´s deal to sell Venezuela 12 planes equipped with U.S. technology. U.S. Ambassador Eduardo Aguirre told Spanish Foreign Minister Miguel Angel Moratinos that his country was concerned about Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez´s growing authoritarian rule. The sale of 10 Spanish-made C-295 transport and two CN-235 maritime aircraft "has the potential to complicate the situation" in the region, the daily El País quoted U.S. diplomatic sources on Friday.

The Spanish defense contractor CASA-EADS and the Venezuela government signed the €1.7 billion deal last November. However, the company needed the approval of the United States because the sale involved the transfer of U.S. technology. On Friday, Radio Nacional de España quoted Defense Ministry sources as saying that the deal would go through despite the U.S. government´s disapproval.

Last week, Chávez accused the United States of blocking similar sales with Brazil and Russia. The Venezuelan leader has now threatened to go to China to buy MiG fighter jets.

Nevertheless, as Chávez shops around for military equipment with his country´s petro-dollars, Venezuela´s infrastructure is crumbling. Last week, the country´s only viable road that connects Caracas to Venezuela´s international air and sea ports was closed after engineers reported that one of two main bridges has begun to buckle when one its supports cracked (photo on right). The usual 40-minute drive from the capital to the Simón Bolívar International Airport now takes four hours as traffic had to be diverted to a dangerous road that snakes through shanty towns alongside Mount Avila, which separates the capital from the Caribbean. Chávez has tried to calm political and social tensions by assuring that the highway will be reopened next month. However, it may not be in time for the World Social Forum he is hosting. The annual event organized as an anti-globalization movement is expected to attract 100,000 people from abroad in February.

Tensions are also mounting between Peru and Venezuela following President Alejandro Toledo´s accusations earlier this week that Chávez is trying to meddle in his country´s upcoming elections by publicly supporting a left-wing candidate. Peru recalled its ambassador to Caracas. It was the second time in months relations between a Latin American country and Venezuela have turned sour. In November, Mexico recalled its ambassador after Chávez accused President Vicente Fox of being George Bush´s "puppet."

Radio Exterior de España looks east

With the number of immigrants from the former Soviet bloc countries on the rise in Spain, it´s no wonder that the Socialist government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero wants to increase its cultural ties with east Europeans. And shortwave radio, the government believes, is still the best way of getting through to people in the different homelands.

Since Jan. 3, Radio Exterior de España has been broadcasting a new 1/2-hour program aimed at familiarizing listeners in 15 nations about Spanish culture and language. "Spain in Eastern Europe" is broadcast from Monday through Friday at 1700-1730 UTC on 15,195 kHz.

"There are currently 150,000 citizens who work in Spain that come from these countries. REE wants to offer them information about Spain in their own language, and in Spanish for part of the program, with the goal of getting thousands of citizens in Eastern Europe to know our language and help many others who study Spanish perfect it," according to REE´s website. The international service of Radio Nacional de España will also be offering Spanish courses in the near future for Russian listeners. As of now, the programs are as follows:

Monday-Friday
News in Russian
Followed by programs in Spanish

Monday: "We Europeans"
Tuesday: "More Europe"
Wednesday: "Commentary by Victor Tchereski" and Sports
Thursday: "Friends of Shortwave"
Friday: "Spain in the World"


As shortwave listeners and DXers bemoan the lost of many stations and programs because of cutbacks in various countries, it´s good to know that programming from stations like REE continues to prosper. Spanish is quickly becoming the second most important language in the United States and its demand is also growing in Europe, especially in the Nordic countries. Many listeners and observers traditionally, and perhaps mistakenly, have gaged shortwave´s downfall by the demise of English-language programming. But the truth is that there are now more stations improving and extending their broadcasts in Spanish, and this no doubt supports a claim against shortwave radio´s extinction in the foreseeable future.

A Spanish general under arrest

The head of Spain´s ground forces was removed from his post and placed under house arrest Saturday after suggesting that the Army would step in if a proposal for greater autonomy for the Catalonia region surpasses the limits guaranteed under the Constitution. Defense Minister José Bono took the action against Lt. Gen. José Mena Aguado (left in Reuters photo) after calling him in for a 20-minute meeting along with military Joint Chief of Staff Félix Sanz Rodán.

It was the first time during Spain´s 30-year democracy that a high-ranking general was placed under arrest.

On Friday in an address carried live by Radio Nacional de España, Mena said that the Army would have to exercise its right to keep the nation intact if it considers that the proposed Estatut could lead to giving the Catalonia region greater powers than the central government.

"Fortunately, the Constitution abounds a series of unconditional limits for whatever automony statute. For that reason, I reiterate my message of calmness. But if those limits were to surpass [the Constitution], which fortunately at this moment doesn´t seem possible, then the application of Article 8 of the Constitution would apply," Mena said in speech during an Army holiday celebration. Article 8 gives the Armed Forces the power to guarantee "the sovereignty and independence of Spain" and "defend its integrity and constitutional order," he said.

Mena´s comments have evoked polemics among the nation´s political parties, which all, except the main opposition Popular Party, welcomed his removal and arrest. The PP said that it would call Bono before a congressional to explain his position.

The Catalonia statute, which is before Congress, has caused great concern among the nation´s different sectors who fear that it could lead to independence for the rich north region.

Evo Morales -- The joke is on you

Bolivia´s president-elect Evo Morales met with Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero on Wednesday as he began a three-nation tour of Europe prior to his scheduled inauguration next month. Ever since a radio comic pretending to be Zapatero telephoned the new Bolivian leader after his Dec. 18 landslide victory and welcomed him into the "new order" and "axis" with Cuba and Venezuela, the Morales visit was a long awaited one.

"He asked if it really is me," Zapatero told reporters after a jocular Morales whispered in his ear as they shook hands in front of a hoard of cameras on Wednesday.

The bogus phone conversation was broadcast during a popular morning show on the COPE radio network, which is owned by the Spanish Bishops´ Conference. The joke sparked a diplomatic row between Spain, Bolivia and the Vatican, which ended with an official apology from COPE even though there is no love lost between Zapatero´s government and the Catholic Church. Spanish Foreign Minister Miguel Angel Moratinos told the papal envoy to Spain that the incident was "deplorable," and could harm Spanish interests in Bolivia. The Ministry of Communications said it would investigate whether sanctions were warranted.

Despite the threats and the diplomatic brouhaha, the Morales-Zapatero radio prank was met with humor by Spaniards who are use to seeing imitators ridicule their leaders, including King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia, on nightly television comedy programs. For a country that was held under the grips of Francisco Franco´s dictatorship for 36 years, Spaniards are proud to say that they can publicly poke fun of their politicians and other world figures without fearing jail time.

It was unclear whether Zapatero and Morales spoke further about the incident. There were more pressing issues on the agenda such as calming businessmen´s fears that the incoming leftist government would confiscate Spanish holdings in Bolivia. Zapatero, who played down the visit and didn´t attend a news conference with Morales (photo above), has also been under intense pressure from other European leaders who fear that his over-friendliness with the Bolivian president-elect could be interpreted as a sign that he supports Morales´ promise not to curtail coca farming in his country, which could lead to increase cocaine shipments. Thursday´s New York Times best summed up the visit in its headline: "Bolivian receives chilly reception in Spain."

Spain to offer asylum to sex bias victims

If you think you are suffering from discrimination at your job because of your gender or sexual orientation and you feel that nobody seems to be doing anything about it, then Spain could be the place for you.

In an unprecedented move, the Socialist government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero wants to include sexual discrimination as a basis for granting asylum in Spain. The bill would enhance the current 1984 immigration law and would grant immediate asylum to anyone in the world who feels they are being discriminated in their home country because of gender bias or sexual orientation. The new law would also propose giving protection and prohibiting the deportation of persons who don´t all ready have refugee status but feel that they will suffer at the hands of authorities because of sexual bias if they return to their homeland.

"The government is ready to give the green light to one of the most progressive pieces of legislation when it comes to granting asylum despite that the worldwide tendency is to take an opposite approach," read Monday´s El País which gave exclusive details of the bill. The newspaper, however, didn´t say when Zapatero´s PSOE party would introduce the bill in the Chamber of Deputies.

By approving gay marriage, easing restrictions in obtaining a divorce, and allowing some 300,000 illegal immigrants to file for residency papers early last year with no questions asked, the prime minister is seen by many in his country as a champion of human rights and equal protection under the law. The opposition right-of-center Partido Popular or People´s Party has criticized Zapatero for making it easier to obtain Spanish residency as well as other laws that are contrary to traditional Catholic views. Zapatero´s proposed immigration policies also have many European Union leaders on edge because once a migrant´s status is legalized in Spain that person has the right to move to any EU country.